Regular tendon overload or tissue trauma influence the homeostasis shifting into the direction of catabolic state aggravation with intense production of tissue degradation enzymes production, increased oxidative stress, and enhanced inflammation². Pathology of tendon can be divided into tendinopathy (affects the entire tendon) or enthesopathy (affects the tendon attachment to the bone) and it is strictly connected to low healing potential of the tissue resulting in its highly elongated healing process.

Based on the clinical evidences intratendinous or peritendinous injections of hyaluronic acid are suggested as conservative treatment of choice for tendon pathology¹. Biolevox™ HA Tendon as product designed for intratendinous or peritendinous injection contains a optimal dose of 32 mg sodium hyaluronate in a single injection of 2 mL volume of gel. Contained HA molecules are characterized with optimally high molecular weight of molecules of 1.5 MDa which with optimal concentration of hyaluronate provides very carefully selected product viscosity at range of 70-200 Pa*s, tailored for its application.

Thus, therapy based on Biolevox™ HA Tendon with its tailored physicochemical properties, such as the optimally high molecular weight, concentration and viscosity is able to extinguish catabolic processes and lead to the improvement of tendon function in patients with tendinopathy and enthesopathy. Importantly hyaluronate molecules in Biolevox™ HA Tendon with this specific range of optimal molecular weight can induce appropriate biological response via CD44 receptors located on tenocytes cell membrane and thus provide most effective therapeutical outcome³.

Hyaluronan contained in the product is manufactured in fully controllable conditions by bacterial fermentation with use of Streptococcus sp. strain., providing the products that possess no possibility for uncontrolled tissue response upon the intratendinous or peritendinous injection, thus treatment based on Biolevox™ HA Tendon is safe ^4,5.

The administration of Biolevox™ HA Tendon is recommended as double intratendinous or peritendinous injection therapy with 7 days intervals. Clinical data show that therapy based on intratendinous or peritendinous injection of hyaluronic acid gel with appropriately selected properties like one of Biolevox™ HA Tendon is clinically effective in ameliorating tendinopathy symptoms for at least 12 months⁶.

Package of Biolevox™ HA Tendon contains single pre-filled syringe of 2 ml.

The product is meant to use by medical practitioners only.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the fundamental components of tendon tissue, contributing to its mechanical properties and functioning^1,2. HA occurs widely not only in the tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) but also in the cells close environment where it contribute the mechanical support, viscoelastic and hygroscopic properties, and anti-inflammatory effects to cells and tissue³. HA is actively produced and stored within tendon sheath, which allows a smooth tendon gliding, and provides nutrition to tendon tissue itself⁴.

Repetitive or excessive loading, abnormal extension of the tendon tissue, or the fracture of the tendon might be a trigger tendinopathy induction⁵. Tendinopathy or enthesopathy is a complex condition characterized by molecular, histological, and cellular changes appearing in affected tendons and nearby structures that leads to persistent, pain, swelling, and impaired physical performance⁶. This condition can be also characterized by ineffective neovasularisation, decreased collagen I, and enhance collagen II production⁷. Moreover, alongside the physical tendon damage, the response of the cells to the pathological stimuli is increased inflammation, together with the release of pro-catabolic molecules, like cytokines and chemokines and tissue degradation enzymes⁸. 

{|blog_list|}

The implementation of the HA during the tendinopathy connects with a vast beneficial outcome. HA is involved in the tissue repair process regulation and tendon healing modulation, such as inflammation or cellular migration⁹. Furthermore, the implementation of the HA during the tendinopathy leads to decrease the peripheral inflammatory response and promotes healing via tendon cells, in both repair site and synovial sheath³. It is proven that administration of HA inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts and because of its anti-inflammatory actions, stimulates the synthesis of the endogenous HA in the tendon¹⁰.

HA intratendinous or peritendinous injections were proven to be clinically more efficient and safer in than corticosteroid (CS) administration. This is based on the fact that despite CS’s broad use, its safety is put into serious consideration¹¹. Scientific evidence show that CS may influence tendon homeostasis, by disorganization of a collagen structure, which will lead to tenocyte viability reduction and increase in possibility of future tendon rupture⁸. Literature points out that CS decreases the fibroblasts proliferation rate and delays the healing of the tendon structure. This suggests that CS injection might disturb the early phases of tendon repair, regeneration and remodeling compared to HA^12,13.